How has your research contributed to improving the social and environmental performance of mining? My research investigating the negative socioecological consequences of mineral resource development in Siberia and the Russian Extreme North in the 1990s (Litvinenko 2010, 2011, 2013) highlighted the importance of rehabilitating and restoring mine sites to their former use and protecting the surrounding environment after a mine closure. Given international experience, there is a need for Russia has to establish mechanisms that mitigate the negative social and ecological consequences of natural resource development. At the initial stages of mineral resource development, there needs to be consideration of the future of a mining site after its closure (Litvinenko, Murota 2009; Byambajav, Litvinenko, Oishi, Shiotani, Takacha, 2018). Studies in Russia and Japan have shown two different geographical outcomes from the suspension of mining operations. In the Russian Extreme North, it has led to a complete migration outflow and the elimination of settlements due to the inexistence of other types of economic activity for non-indigenous people, poorly developed infrastructure and transport isolation. One example of this is Chukotka, where the suspension of gold, tin, and tungsten mining in the 1990s eliminated half of the urban settlements. On the other hand, ? Continued